Easy Notes Of Advanced Computer Network unit-1 @Computer Diploma

Description

1.1 Internet Structure & Roles

• Internet: Global network of networks.

• Intranet: Private, local-access network (internal to an organization) using Internet protocols.

• ISP (Internet Service Provider): Provides Internet access, backbone connectivity.

• ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers): Coordinates global Internet’s unique identifiers (IP addressing, DNS, etc.).

1.2 IP Header Formats

• • IPv4: 32-bit address, Header Format (e.g., Version, TTL, Checksum, Source/Destination Address).

  • IPv6: 128-bit address, Header Format (e.g., Version, Traffic Class, Flow Label, Payload Length).

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1.3 Subnetting & Addressing

• Subnet: Logical subdivision of an IP network.

• Subnet Addressing: Assigning IP addresses within a subnet.

• Address Masking: Using a Subnet Mask to determine network and host portions of an IP address.

• Supernetting (CIDR): Combining multiple small networks into a larger network (opposite of subnetting).

1.4 Address Mapping

• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): Maps Logical Address (IP) to Physical Address (MAC).

• ARP Working: Request $\rightarrow$ Reply mechanism.

• ARP Message Format: Fields for sender/target IP/MAC.

• RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol): Maps Physical Address (MAC) to Logical Address (IP) – Largely obsolete, replaced by BOOTP/DHCP.

• RARP Working: Request $\rightarrow$ Reply mechanism.