Easy Notes On PROGRAMMING IN ‘C’ unit-2 @Computer Diploma

Description

2.1 Conditional Statements

Most Searched Keywords

• if statement * if-else statement * nested if else
• if else ladder
• switch statement
• relational operators
• logical operators
• decision making in programming

Description

Conditional statements allow a program to make decisions based on conditions. The if statement executes a block of code if a condition is true. The if-else statement provides an alternative path for when the condition is false. For more complex scenarios, the if-else ladder checks multiple conditions in sequence, while the nested if-else structure places one conditional statement inside another. The switch statement is an efficient alternative for selecting one of many code blocks to execute based on a single expression. These statements are built using relational operators (like ==, !=, <, >) and logical operators (like &&, ||, !) to create conditions that evaluate to true or false.

2.2 Looping Statements

Most Searched Keywords

• for loop
• while loop
• do-while loop
• loops in programming
• iteration statements
• repeat code
• C++ for loop (or other languages like Python, Java)

Description

Looping statements, also known as iteration statements, allow a program to repeat a block of code multiple times. The for loop is ideal when you know the number of iterations in advance. The while loop continues to execute as long as its condition remains true, and the do-while loop is similar but guarantees that the code block runs at least once before the condition is checked. Looping is essential for tasks like processing lists of data, repeating user prompts, or performing calculations over a range of values.

2.3 Branching Statements

Most Searched Keywords

• break statement
• continue statement
• go to statement
• jump statements
• control flow
• exit a loop early
• skip loop iteration

Description

Branching statements are used to alter the normal flow of a program. The break statement is used to immediately terminate the innermost loop or switch statement, transferring control to the next statement after the terminated block. The continue statement skips the current iteration of a loop and moves on to the next one. The goto statement is a less common and often discouraged branching statement that unconditionally jumps to a specified label in the code. Understanding these statements is crucial for fine-tuning program flow and handling specific conditions within loops.